Multi-Element Radar
In our group, we also develop and use multi-element radar systems to image the internal structure, englacial properties, and basal conditions of glaciers and ice sheets. These systems can be used to geolocate off-nadir energy and construct 3D images of the ice-base topography and the 3D englacial structure of the ice sheet. Repeating these surveys, we can also use multipass radar interferometry to map vertical displacement, strain rates, and vertical velocity. These data provide distributed observations of englacial deformation that can then be used in ice-flow model initialization.